On November 5, 1935, electrical engineer Edwin Howard Armstrong stood before the New York section of the Institute of Radio Engineers (now the IEEE) to publicly demonstrate FM (Frequency Modulation) radio for the first time. He presented his landmark paper, "A Method of Reducing Disturbances in Radio Signaling by a System of Frequency Modulation” and broadcast a crystal-clear audio signal without the background hiss and crackle that had plagued AM radio.